Compound

Macozinone (MCZ, PBTZ-169)

iM4TB - Innovative Medicines for Tuberculosis, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Names
PBTZ-169, MCZ, Macozinone
Chemical Class:
Benzothiazinone
Description

PBTZ169 is a piperazinobenzothiazinone derivative optimized by medicinal chemistry from the lead BTZ043. PBTZ169 has several advantages compared to BTZ043, amongst which are easier chemical synthesis, due to the absence of chiral centers, low cost of goods and better pharmacodynamics. PBTZ169 covalently inhibits DprE1, an enzyme essential for the biosynthesis of key cell wall components. The drug has additive effects with many TB therapeutic agents, both marketed and in development, and has synergic effects with bedaquiline and clofazimine in preclinical models.

August 2021. Publication.  Robertson et al. Comparative Analysis of Pharmacodynamics in the C3HeB/FeJ Mouse Tuberculosis Model for DprE1 inhibitors TBA-7371, PBTZ169 and OPC-167832. Antimicrob Agents Chemother August 9; AAC0058321. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00583-21.

The company Nearmedic Plus leads PBTZ169 development for the Russian market and associated countries and has completed an open-labelled, dose-escalation phase I study in healthy male volunteers followed by a Multiple Ascending Dose in 2016. This last study investigated the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of PBTZ169 at doses up to 640 mg once daily for 14 days and revealed a good safety profile of the drug. In 2017, a phase IIa EBA study (monotherapy during 14 days) was initiated in DS-TB patients in Russia and Belarus. It was completed in February 2018 with 16 patients enrolled. Nearmedic Plus indicated it confirmed the good safety in DS-TB patients and the statistically significant EBA after 14 days monotherapy in the group of 7 patients treated with 640 mg of PBTZ169.

The EPFL-based non-profit innovative Medicines for Tuberculosis (iM4TB) foundation (Lausanne, Switzerland) is leading the PBTZ169 development in the rest of the world. Between April 2017 and December 2021, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation have awarded iM4TB $2.8 million to take the anti-tuberculosis drug candidate PBTZ169 into clinical trials in Europe. In December 2017, iM4TB initiated a Phase Ia clinical trial at the University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Switzerland investigating single ascending doses (SAD) of a new bio-enhanced formulation of PBTZ169 including 32 healthy male volunteers in four investigation panels. This SAD trial was completed in March 2018. It confirmed the excellent safety and tolerability profile of PBTZ169 up to single doses of 320 mg, and produced very good quality data to characterize its PK profile. However, the advantages of the bioenhanced formulation didn’t outweigh its inconveniences. Therefore, iM4TB used the Native Crystal Powder (NCP) to conduct the Phase Ib multiple ascending dose (MAD) trial from March 2019 to March 2020. The results of this trial also showed a very good safety and tolerability profile in all panels. Given PBTZ169’s low solubility, there is now a need to produce a commercially stable and viable formulation before continuing with the Phase I (Food-Effect (FE) and Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) studies) and Phase IIa programs.